(Trigger Warning: Sensitive Content)

Every Holy Week, some areas in the Philippines witness the age-old practice of penitensya, which includes self‑flagellation and crucifixion reenactments as expressions of repentance. Devotees whip their backs with bamboo sticks under the scorching sun, while others carry heavy wooden crosses, assisted by fellow worshippers, in a solemn re‑enactment of Jesus Christ’s suffering. Many believe that these acts can cleanse sins, heal illnesses, or grant answered prayers.

Although these practices are deeply rooted in the devotion of some Filipinos, the Roman Catholic Church clearly opposes self-flagellation, instead encouraging the sacraments of confession and penance, along with sincere repentance and turning away from sin.

On Good Friday, April 3, 2026, devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.

Devotees participated in penitensya at Barangay Balut in Tondo, Manila on Good Friday, April 3, 2026.